磁控濺(jian)(jian)射(she)(she)包括很多種類。各有不同(tong)工作(zuo)原理(li)和(he)應用(yong)對象。但(dan)有一共同(tong)點:利用(yong)磁場與(yu)電(dian)場交(jiao)互作(zuo)用(yong),使電(dian)子在(zai)靶(ba)表面附近成螺旋狀(zhuang)運行,從(cong)而(er)增(zeng)大電(dian)子撞(zhuang)擊氬氣產生離子的(de)概率。所產生的(de)離子在(zai)電(dian)場作(zuo)用(yong)下撞(zhuang)向靶(ba)面從(cong)而(er)濺(jian)(jian)射(she)(she)出靶(ba)材。
靶(ba)(ba)源分(fen)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)式(shi)和(he)非(fei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)式(shi),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)式(shi)靶(ba)(ba)源鍍(du)膜(mo)均勻(yun),非(fei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)式(shi)靶(ba)(ba)源鍍(du)膜(mo)膜(mo)層(ceng)和(he)基體(ti)(ti)結(jie)合(he)力(li)強。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)靶(ba)(ba)源多用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)光(guang)學膜(mo),非(fei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)多用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)磨(mo)損(sun)裝飾膜(mo)。磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)控陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)按照磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)位形分(fen)布不(bu)同,大(da)致可(ke)分(fen)為平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)態(tai)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)控陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)和(he)非(fei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)態(tai)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)控陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)態(tai)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)控陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)內(nei)外(wai)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鋼的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通量(liang)大(da)致相等(deng)(deng),兩極(ji)(ji)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)力(li)線(xian)閉合(he)于(yu)(yu)靶(ba)(ba)面(mian),很(hen)好(hao)地將電(dian)子等(deng)(deng)離(li)(li)子體(ti)(ti)約束在靶(ba)(ba)面(mian)附近,增(zeng)加了碰(peng)撞幾(ji)率,提高了離(li)(li)化效(xiao)率,因而(er)在較低(di)的(de)(de)(de)工作氣壓和(he)電(dian)壓下就(jiu)能起輝(hui)并(bing)維持輝(hui)光(guang)放(fang)電(dian),靶(ba)(ba)材(cai)利(li)用(yong)(yong)率相對(dui)較高。但由于(yu)(yu)電(dian)子沿(yan)(yan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)力(li)線(xian)運動主要(yao)閉合(he)于(yu)(yu)靶(ba)(ba)面(mian),基片區域(yu)所受離(li)(li)子轟擊(ji)較小(xiao)。非(fei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)控濺射技(ji)術,即讓磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)控陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)外(wai)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)極(ji)(ji)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通大(da)于(yu)(yu)內(nei)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)極(ji)(ji),兩極(ji)(ji)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)力(li)線(xian)在靶(ba)(ba)面(mian)不(bu)完(wan)全閉合(he),部分(fen)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)力(li)線(xian)可(ke)沿(yan)(yan)靶(ba)(ba)的(de)(de)(de)邊緣延伸到基片區域(yu),從(cong)而(er)部分(fen)電(dian)子可(ke)以沿(yan)(yan)著磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)力(li)線(xian)擴展到基片,增(zeng)加基片區域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)等(deng)(deng)離(li)(li)子體(ti)(ti)密(mi)度(du)和(he)氣體(ti)(ti)電(dian)離(li)(li)率。不(bu)管平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)還是非(fei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng),若磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵靜止,其磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)特性決定了一(yi)般(ban)靶(ba)(ba)材(cai)利(li)用(yong)(yong)率小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)30%。為增(zeng)大(da)靶(ba)(ba)材(cai)利(li)用(yong)(yong)率,可(ke)采用(yong)(yong)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)。但旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)需要(yao)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)機構,同時濺射速率要(yao)減小(xiao)。旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)多用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)大(da)型(xing)或貴重(zhong)靶(ba)(ba),如半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)膜(mo)濺射。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)小(xiao)型(xing)設備和(he)一(yi)般(ban)工業設備,多用(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)靜止靶(ba)(ba)源。