磁控(kong)濺射包括很多(duo)種類。各有(you)不同工作(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)理和應用對象。但有(you)一共同點(dian):利用磁場與電(dian)場交互作(zuo)(zuo)用,使電(dian)子(zi)在(zai)靶表面附近成螺旋狀運行(xing),從(cong)而(er)(er)增大電(dian)子(zi)撞擊(ji)氬氣(qi)產(chan)生(sheng)離(li)子(zi)的(de)概率。所產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)離(li)子(zi)在(zai)電(dian)場作(zuo)(zuo)用下(xia)撞向靶面從(cong)而(er)(er)濺射出(chu)靶材(cai)。
靶(ba)(ba)(ba)源分(fen)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)式(shi)和(he)(he)非(fei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)式(shi),平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)式(shi)靶(ba)(ba)(ba)源鍍膜(mo)均(jun)勻(yun),非(fei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)式(shi)靶(ba)(ba)(ba)源鍍膜(mo)膜(mo)層(ceng)和(he)(he)基(ji)(ji)(ji)體結合(he)力(li)強。平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)靶(ba)(ba)(ba)源多用于半導體光學膜(mo),非(fei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)多用于磨損(sun)裝飾(shi)膜(mo)。磁(ci)(ci)(ci)控(kong)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)按(an)照磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)位形分(fen)布(bu)不(bu)同,大(da)(da)致可(ke)分(fen)為平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)態磁(ci)(ci)(ci)控(kong)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)和(he)(he)非(fei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)態磁(ci)(ci)(ci)控(kong)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)態磁(ci)(ci)(ci)控(kong)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)內(nei)外(wai)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)鋼的磁(ci)(ci)(ci)通量大(da)(da)致相等,兩極(ji)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)力(li)線閉(bi)合(he)于靶(ba)(ba)(ba)面,很(hen)好地(di)將(jiang)電子等離子體約束在靶(ba)(ba)(ba)面附近,增(zeng)(zeng)加了碰撞幾率(lv),提高(gao)了離化效率(lv),因而(er)在較(jiao)低的工作氣壓(ya)和(he)(he)電壓(ya)下就能起輝(hui)并維持輝(hui)光放電,靶(ba)(ba)(ba)材利用率(lv)相對較(jiao)高(gao)。但由(you)于電子沿磁(ci)(ci)(ci)力(li)線運動主(zhu)要閉(bi)合(he)于靶(ba)(ba)(ba)面,基(ji)(ji)(ji)片區域所(suo)受離子轟(hong)擊較(jiao)小(xiao)。非(fei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)控(kong)濺射技(ji)術,即讓(rang)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)控(kong)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)外(wai)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)極(ji)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)通大(da)(da)于內(nei)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)極(ji),兩極(ji)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)力(li)線在靶(ba)(ba)(ba)面不(bu)完全閉(bi)合(he),部分(fen)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)力(li)線可(ke)沿靶(ba)(ba)(ba)的邊緣延伸到基(ji)(ji)(ji)片區域,從而(er)部分(fen)電子可(ke)以沿著磁(ci)(ci)(ci)力(li)線擴展到基(ji)(ji)(ji)片,增(zeng)(zeng)加基(ji)(ji)(ji)片區域的等離子體密度和(he)(he)氣體電離率(lv)。不(bu)管平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)還(huan)是非(fei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng),若磁(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵靜止,其磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)特性決定了一(yi)般靶(ba)(ba)(ba)材利用率(lv)小(xiao)于30%。為增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)(da)靶(ba)(ba)(ba)材利用率(lv),可(ke)采(cai)用旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)。但旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)需要旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)機構(gou),同時(shi)濺射速率(lv)要減小(xiao)。旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)多用于大(da)(da)型或貴(gui)重靶(ba)(ba)(ba),如半導體膜(mo)濺射。對于小(xiao)型設備(bei)和(he)(he)一(yi)般工業設備(bei),多用磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)靜止靶(ba)(ba)(ba)源。